Roseburia is a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae, which is known for its beneficial effects on gut health. Here are some key points about Roseburia:
Roseburia is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, butyrate-producing bacteria that is commonly found in the human gut. It is one of the most abundant species of bacteria in the human colon, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining gut health.
Roseburia is known to have a positive impact on the immune system by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which serve as a source of energy for colon cells and are involved in regulating inflammation in the gut. Butyrate also has anti-inflammatory properties and is important for the maintenance of gut barrier function.
Studies have shown that a reduction in Roseburia abundance in the gut is associated with several inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition, a decrease in Roseburia levels has been observed in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Roseburia is also important for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, such as dietary fiber, which cannot be digested by the human host. The bacteria uses enzymes to break down these complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, which can then be used for energy production by the host. This process is important for maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
Furthermore, Roseburia has been shown to produce metabolites that have potential therapeutic effects, such as bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides that can help to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in the gut.
References:
Belenguer A, Duncan SH, Calder AG, Holtrop G, Louis P, Lobley GE, Flint HJ. Two routes of metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and butyrate-producing anaerobes from the human gut. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Dec;72(12):3593-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3593-3599.2006. PMID: 16751530; PMCID: PMC1489366.
Lopez-Siles M, Enrich-Capó N, Aldeguer X, Sabat-Mir M, Duncan SH, Garcia-Gil LJ, Martinez-Medina M. Alterations in the Abundance and Co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the Colonic Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Subjects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018 Mar 13;8:281. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00281. PMID: 29594161; PMCID: PMC5853734.
Louis P, Flint HJ. Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota. Environ Microbiol. 2017 Jan;19(1):29-41. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13589. Epub 2016 Dec 20. PMID: 27813210.
Vital M, Howe AC, Tiedje JM. Revealing the bacterial butyrate synthesis pathways by analyzing (meta)genomic data. MBio. 2014 Dec 9;5(6):e00889. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00889-14. PMID: 25491348; PMCID: PMC4278896.
Rossi M, Amaretti A, Raimondi S. Folate Production by Probiotic Bacteria. Nutrients. 2011;3(1):118-134. doi:10.3390/nu3010118
3'-sialyllactose is the most abundant sialylated human milk oligosaccharide in human milk and has pivotal roles in the developing human gut microbiome. Recent research has also shed light on how this HMO could also have a critical role in bone health, even offering some hope for a new future osteoporosis therapy.
